Determination of Vitamin C, Vitamin A and Flavonoid Levels in Garcinia cowa Roxb Fruit Flesh Extract

Prima Minerva, Dira Hefni

Abstract


Garcinia cowa Roxb is a plant used as traditional medicine containing antioxidant activity. Plant extracts with antioxidant activity are often used as bioactive ingredients in anti-aging cosmetics. Studies on bioactive compounds and the use of this plant in cosmeceuticals have yet to be widely reported. This study aims to determine and analyze the levels of flavonoids, vitamins C, and vitamin A in G. cowa fruit flesh extract. These three compounds are bioactive ingredients that are beneficial in reducing the symptoms of photo-aging on the skin. The G. cowa used in this study was obtained from Tampunik Kambang, Pesisir Selatan Regency, and was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol. The testing of vitamin C levels in the extract of G. cowa fruit flesh was carried out through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method using a UV detector with a wavelength of 264 nm. Quantitative HPLC analysis was carried out based on the resulting peak area data from the chromatogram. Vitamin A and flavonoid levels were measured using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS) at maximum wavelengths of 286 and 429 nm. The results show that the levels of vitamin C and vitamin A in G. cowa was 151.4 mg/100g extract and 1.23 g 100g extract, while the flavonoid level was 69.5 mg/100g extract. The level of vitamins C, vitamin A, and flavonoids in G. cowa can contribute to natural bioactive substances and can be developed further into anti-aging cosmeceutical products.

Keywords


G. cowa; Vitamin C; Vitamin A; Flavonoid.

Full Text:

PDF

References


S. Zhang and E. Duan, “Fighting against Skin Aging: The Way from Bench to Bedside,†Cell Transplant., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 729–738, 2018, doi: 10.1177/0963689717725755.

B. Rachmantyo and D. M. Indramaya, “Peeling Asam Glikolat pada Pasien Photoaging (Retrospective Study : Glycolic Acid Peel in Photoaging Patient),†BIKKK Berk. Ilmu Kesehat. Kulit dan Kelamin - Period. Dermatology Venereol., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 27–33, 2016.

M. Dewiastuti and I. F. Hasanah, “Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Risiko Penuaan Dini Di Kulit Pada Remaja Wanita Usia 18-21 Tahun,†J. Profesi Med. J. Kedokt. dan Kesehat., vol. 10, n o. 1, pp. 21–25, 2016, doi: 10.33533/jpm.v10i1.10.

R. Geng, S. G. Kang, K. Huang, and T. Tong, “Boosting the photoaged skin: The potential role of dietary components,†Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1–27, 2021, doi: 10.3390/nu13051691.

P. Morganti, G. Morganti, A. Gagliardini, and A. Lohani, “From cosmetics to innovative cosmeceuticals—non-woven tissues as new biodegradable carriers,†Cosmetics, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1–19, 2021, doi: 10.3390/cosmetics8030065.

R. Esposito, N. Ruocco, T. Viel, S. Federico, V. Zupo, and M. Costantini, “Sponges and their symbionts as a source of valuable compounds in cosmeceutical field,†Mar. Drugs, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1–19, 2021, doi: 10.3390/md19080444.

D. Bashirah and N. A. Putriana, “Kosmetik Herbal yang Berpotensi Sebagai Pemutih Kulit Alami,†Farmaka, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 140–147, 2019, doi: 10.24198/farmasetika.v4i4.23069.

W. Zhu and J. Gao, “The use of botanical extracts as topical skin-lightening agents for the improvement of skin pigmentation disorders,†J. Investig. Dermatology Symp. Proc., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 20–24, 2008, doi: 10.1038/jidsymp.2008.8.

R. Pangestuti, K. H. Shin, and S. K. Kim, “Anti-photoaging and potential skin health benefits of seaweeds,†Mar. Drugs, vol. 19, no. 3, 2021, doi: 10.3390/MD19030172.

T. Ritthiwigrom, S. Laphookhieo, and S. G. Pyne, “Chemical constituents and biological activities of Garcinia cowa Roxb,†Chem. Biodivers., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 213–231, 2013, doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201100373.

D. Hefni, Dachriyanus, F. S. Wahyuni, E. Yerizel, D. Arisanty, and L. N. Yusra, “Cowanin, a Cytotoxic Xanthone from G.cowa (Garcinia cowa, Roxb.) Reduced Cell Migration and Induced Cell Cycle Arrest on T47D Human Cancer Cell,†Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 2164–2169, 2020, doi: 10.18517/ijaseit.10.5.12502.

M. Michalak, M. Pierzak, B. Kręcisz, and E. Suliga, “Bioactive compounds for skin health: A review,†Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–31, 2021, doi: 10.3390/nu13010203.

Z. Abidin, U. Khaeriah, M. Pratama, and M. Baits, “Tyrosinase Inhibitor Activity Measurement of Crude and Purified Extract of Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera L.),†Indones. J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. J. Homepage, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 52–58, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/ijpst/.

N. T. T. Hang, N. Van Thanh, and N. T. H. Nhung, “Determination of Some Kinds of Important Ingredients of Componants Biological Activity of Garcinia cowa Fruit,†Biotechnol. Seedl., no. 2, 2018.

Z. D. Draelos, “Cosmeceuticals: What’s Real, What’s Not,†Dermatol. Clin., vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 107–115, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.det.2018.07.001.

J. Jubahar, Y. Astuti, and N. Suharti, “Penetapan Kadar Vitamin C dari Buah Cabe rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) dengan Metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT),†J. Farm. Higea, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 208–217, 2015, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.52689/higea.v7i2.131.

Y. Elkady, S. M. El-adl, M. Baraka, and M. M. Sebaiy, “HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic acid, Phenylephrine, Paracetamol, Caffeine in Their Pure and Dosage Forms,†Int. J. Adv. Res. Chem. Sci., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 7–16, 2020, doi: 10.20431/2349-0403.0706002.

A. Widyatmoko, D. Hastutik, A. Sudarmanto, and E. Lukitaningsih, “Vitamin C, Vitamin A and Alpha Hydroxy Acid In Bengkoang (Pachyrhizus Erosus),†Maj. Obat Tradis., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 48–54, 2016, doi: 10.22146/tradmedj.10726.

Direktorat Jenderal Bina Kefarmasian dan Alat Kesehatan, Suplemen II farmakope herbal indonesia, 1st edition. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Indonesia, 2011,pp 108-109.

R. Fatin Najwa and A. Azrina, “Comparison of vitamin C content in citrus fruits by titration and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods,†Int. Food Res. J., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 726–733, 2017.

Y. Zhang et al., “A review of the extraction and determination methods of thirteen essential vitamins to the human body: An update from 2010,†Molecules, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1–25, 2018, doi: 10.3390/molecules23061484.

J. M. Pullar, A. C. Carr, and M. C. M. Vissers, “The roles of vitamin C in skin health,†Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 8, 2017, doi: 10.3390/nu9080866.

K. Sugiura and M. Sugiura, “Vitamin C and Skin,†J. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. Res., vol. 09, no. 02, pp. 9–12, 2018, doi: 10.4172/2155-9554.1000444.

B. Bakar, M. Çakmak, M. S. Ibrahim, D. Özer, S. Saydam, and F. Karatas, “Investigation of Amounts of Vitamins, Lycopene, and Elements in the Fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica Subjected to Different Pretreatments,†Biol. Trace Elem. Res., vol. 198, no. 1, pp. 315–323, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02050-w.

W. P. Sari, K. N. Berawi, and N. Karima, “Managemen Topikal Anti-Aging pada Kulit,†Medula, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 237–243, 2019.

S. Fatonah, A. Syauqi, and S. Laili, “Uji Kandungan Vitamin A Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L) Dan Wortel (Daucus corata L) Desa Bumiaji Dan Poncokusumo,†J. SAINS ALAMI (Known Nature), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 45–49, 2020, doi: 10.33474/j.sa.v2i2.4439.

F. C. Roche and T. A. Harris-Tryon, “Illuminating the role of vitamin a in skin innate immunity and the skin microbiome: A narrative review,†Nutrients, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2021, doi: 10.3390/nu13020302.

C. Aparecida Sales de Oliveira Pinto, T. Elyan Azevedo Martins, R. Miliani Martinez, T. Batello Freire, M. Valéria Robles Velasco, and A. Rolim Baby, “Vitamin E in Human Skin: Functionality and Topical Products,†2021.

L. D. M. Oliveira, F. M. E. Teixeira, and M. N. Sato, “Impact of Retinoic Acid on Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases,†Hindawi Mediat. Inflamm., vol. 2018, 2018, doi: 10.1155/2018/3067126.

R. Ferreira, J. Napoli, T. Enver, L. Bernardino, and L. Ferreira, “Advances and challenges in retinoid delivery systems in regenerative and therapeutic medicine,†Nat. Commun., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18042-2.

T. yang Wang, Q. Li, and K. shun Bi, “Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: Structure, activity and biological fate,†Asian J. Pharm. Sci., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 12–23, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.08.004.

Q. Zhang et al., “Identification of Six Flavonoids as Novel Cellular Antioxidants and Their Structure-Activity Relationship,†Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., vol. 2020, 2020, doi: 10.1155/2020/4150897.

D. Tungmunnithum, A. Thongboonyou, A. Pholboon, and A. Yangsabai, “Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical and Medical Aspects: An Overview,†Medicines, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 93, 2018, doi: 10.3390/medicines5030093.

A. Domaszewska-Szostek, M. Puzianowska-Kuźnicka, and A. Kuryłowicz, “Flavonoids in skin senescence prevention and treatment,†Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 22, no. 13, pp. 1–18, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ijms22136814.

A. N. Panche, A. D. Diwan, and S. R. Chandra, “Flavonoids: An overview,†J. Nutr. Sci., vol. 5, 2016, doi: 10.1017/jns.2016.41.

A. R. Cempaka, S. Santoso, and L. K. Tanuwijaya, “Pengaruh Metode Pengolahan Terhadap Kandungan Quercetin Berbagai Kualitas Apel Lokal dan Impor,†Indones. J. Hum. Nutr., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 48–58, 2017.

R. I. Fajar, L. P. Wrasiati, and L. Suhendra, “Kandungan Senyawa Flavonoid Dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Teh Hijau Pada Perlakuan Suhu Awal Dan Lama Penyeduhan,†J. Rekayasa Dan Manaj. Agroindustri, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 196, 2018, doi: 10.24843/jrma.2018.v06.i03.p02.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.12.4.16257

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development