Soil Moisture Analysis and Rainwater Management at Clove Plantation to Meet the Water Requirement of Clove Plants During Dry Season

Buhari Umasugi, Sugeng Prijono, - Soemarno, - Ariffin

Abstract


In 2015, the clove plants on Ternate Island experienced a drought and dead in the dry season. This study aimed to discover the potential for rainwater and soil moisture as well as the management to meet the water needs of clove plants. This research was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 on Ternate Islan. The soil data (pF 2.4 and 4.2) and effective depth at 12 land units. The climate data for 2008 to 2017. The data analysis used the water balance approach of the Thornthwaite-Mather method, the Penman-Monteith method, Darcy's law of the SPAW model, and the CropWat 8.0 software. The results showed that the total rainfall was 2307.3 mm/year. The average soil moisture storage (STo) was 134.5 mm. During the dry season, the total rainfall was 1660.4 mm/year. The potential evapotranspiration was 1561.2 mm/year. The water needs for the clove plantation in the tree phase during the dry season was 640.1 mm/year or 53.3 mm/month and increased from the water needs for clove plants in normal conditions which was 607.1 mm/month. The strategies for managing the water needs for the clove plants during dry season were harvesting rainwater during surplus in December and January for storage and increasing soil moisture during water deficit in February and March, using the biopore infiltration hole technology made from organic material from clove leaf litter. Further research on the water needs for clove plants in the vegetative phase.


Keywords


Clove plants; water management; soil moisture; biopore; plant water requirement.

Full Text:

PDF

References


D. F. Cortés-Rojas, C. R. F. de Souza, and W. P. Oliveira, “Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): A precious spice,†Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 90–96, 2014, doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60215-X.

S. Laban, M. S. Solle, A. Ahmad, and M. Jayadi, “Land suitability evaluation for clove plants in Bacan Island,†IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 486, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012067.

A. Iriany, A. Iriany, and A. Dwi, “The Correlation Model between Microclimates and Potato Plant Growth,†Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2021.

F. Hui-Mean, Z. Yusop, and F. Yusof, “Drought analysis and water resource availability using standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index,†Atmos. Res., vol. 201, pp. 102–115, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.10.014.

R. Aleixandre-Benavent, J. L. Aleixandre-Tudó, L. Castelló-Cogollos, and J. L. Aleixandre, “Trends in scientific research on climate change in agriculture and forestry subject areas (2005–2014),†J. Clean. Prod., vol. 147, pp. 406–418, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.112.

J. Zheng, J. Fan, F. Zhang, S. Yan, and Y. Xiang, “Rainfall partitioning into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss by maize canopy on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China,†Agric. Water Manag., vol. 195, pp. 25–36, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2017.09.013.

X. Gao et al., “Temporal and spatial evolution of the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in the Loess Plateau under climate change from 2001 to 2050,†Sci. Total Environ., vol. 595, pp. 191–200, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.226.

J. Joiner et al., “Global relationships among traditional reflectance vegetation indices (NDVI and NDII), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil moisture variability on weekly timescales,†Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 219, no. September 2017, pp. 339–352, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.10.020.

B. Minasny and A. B. McBratney, “Limited effect of organic matter on soil available water capacity,†Eur. J. Soil Sci., vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 39–47, 2018, doi: 10.1111/ejss.12475.

Z. Ma, N. Yan, B. Wu, A. Stein, W. Zhu, and H. Zeng, “Variation in actual evapotranspiration following changes in climate and vegetation cover during an ecological restoration period (2000–2015) in the Loess Plateau, China,†Sci. Total Environ., vol. 689, pp. 534–545, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.155.

S. O. Ihuoma and C. A. Madramootoo, “Recent advances in crop water stress detection,†Comput. Electron. Agric., vol. 141, pp. 267–275, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2017.07.026.

N. Casolani, A. Cartone, P. Postiglione, and L. Liberatore, “Climate variability in agriculture and crop water requirement: Spatial analysis of Italian provinces,†J. Clean. Prod., vol. 262, p. 121331, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121331.

B. Tietjen et al., “Climate change-induced vegetation shifts lead to more ecological droughts despite projected rainfall increases in many global temperate drylands,†Glob. Chang. Biol., vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 2743–2754, 2017, doi: 10.1111/gcb.13598.

J. Huo et al., “Direct and indirect effects of rainfall and vegetation coverage on runoff, soil loss, and nutrient loss in a semi-humid climate,†Hydrol. Process., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2021, doi: 10.1002/hyp.13985.

J. V. B. da Costa and J. A. Alves, “The determination of the moisture equivalent by the silt-suction method and the shifting of the pF curve of stored soil samples,†J. Agric. Sci., vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 294–297, 1942, doi: 10.1017/S0021859600048073.

E. S. P. B. V, T. S. Steenhuis, W. H. V. A. N. D. E. R. Molen, and R. Hall, “The Thornthwaite-Mather Prosedure as a Simple Engineering Method to Predict Recharge,†J. Hydrol., vol. 84, pp. 221–229, 1986.

R. Rusnam and N. R. Yanti, “Potential Evapotranspiration uses Thornthwaite Method to the Water Balance in Padang City Potential Evapotranspiration uses Thornthwaite Method to the Water Balance in Padang City,†IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 757, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/757/1/012041.

A. Beyene et al., “Estimating the actual evapotranspiration and deep percolation in irrigated soils of a tropical floodplain, northwest Ethiopia,†Agric. Water Manag., vol. 202, no. December 2017, pp. 42–56, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.01.022.

L. S. Pereira, P. Paredes, R. López-Urrea, D. J. Hunsaker, M. Mota, and Z. Mohammadi Shad, “Standard single and basal crop coefficients for vegetable crops, an update of FAO56 crop water requirements approach,†Agric. Water Manag., vol. 243, no. March 2020, p. 106196, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106196.

L. Chen, S. Sela, T. Svoray, and S. Assouline, “The role of soil-surface sealing, microtopography, and vegetation patches in rainfall-runoff processes in semiarid areas,†Water Resour. Res., vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 5585–5599, 2013, doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20360.

K. E. Saxton and P. H. Willey, “The SPAW model for agricultural field and pond hydrologic simulation,†Watershed Model., pp. 401–435, 2005, doi: 10.1201/9781420037432.ch17.

B. Umasugi, S. Prijono, Soemarno, and Ariffin, “Improvement of soil moisture storage in clove plantation land using biopore technology and organic material litters,†J. Degrad. Min. Lands Manag., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 2601–2610, 2021, doi: 10.15243/jdmlm.

J. Tuure, M. Räsänen, M. Hautala, P. Pellikka, P. S. A. Mäkelä, and L. Alakukku, “Plant residue mulch increases measured and modelled soil moisture content in the effective root zone of maize in semi-arid Kenya,†Soil Tillage Res., vol. 209, no. December 2020, p. 104945, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.still.2021.104945.

C. C. Banfield, M. A. Dippold, J. Pausch, D. T. T. Hoang, and Y. Kuzyakov, “Biopore history determines the microbial community composition in subsoil hotspots,†Biol. Fertil. Soils, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 573–588, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00374-017-1201-5.

H. M. Franklin, A. R. Carroll, C. Chen, P. Maxwell, and M. A. Burford, “Plant source and soil interact to determine characteristics of dissolved organic matter leached into waterways from riparian leaf litter,†Sci. Total Environ., vol. 703, p. 134530, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134530.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.11.6.15030

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development