Defining Teamwork Productivity Factors in Agile Software Development

Javed Iqbal, Azman Yasin, Mazni Omar

Abstract


Teamwork productivity plays a substantial role in attaining successful projects in agile software development. For improving agile software development, it is necessary to look at many factors that influence agile teamwork productivity. Thus, there is a need to identify these influential ones among factors. Identifying these influential factors affecting agile teamwork productivity can enable the teams to pertain to where they need to enforce the elbow grease to improve productivity. Teams in software organizations will improve their productivity by considering these teamwork factors in agile software development. In this respect, the classification of the teamwork factors that might cause an influence on the productivity of the agile software development teams becomes the indication of divergence for the choice and characterization of enhancement approaches. We carried on a systematic literature review to execute such analysis in which we included 53 primary studies. The systematic literature review aimed to identify and classify the factors influencing teamwork productivity in agile software development. As a result of the systematic literature review, we identified 77 influential factors and classified these factors into technical, non-technical, organizational, environmental, project management, and user requirements level factors that affect teamwork productivity in agile software development. Based on this data, software organizations can mend the teamwork productivity of their teams by appraising the impact factors that best fit their context.

Full Text:

PDF

References


O. P. Sanchez, M. A. Terlizzi, and H. R. Moraes, “Cost and time project management success factors for information systems development projects,†Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. vol.35, pp. 1608-1626 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2017., 2017.

T. Dingsøyr and Y. Lindsjørn, “Team Performance in Agile Development Teams: Findings from 18 Focus Groups,†H. Baumeister B. Weber XP 2013, LNBIP 149, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelb. 2013, pp. 46–60, 2013.

S. L. Ramirez-Mora and H. Okataba, “Team maturity in agile software development:The impact of productivity,†IEEE Int. Conf. Softw. Maint. Evol., pp. 732–736, 2018.

S. L. Ramírez-Mora and H. Oktaba, “Productivity in Agile Software Development: A Systematic Mapping Study,†5th Int. Conf. Softw. Eng. Res. Innov., 2017.

F. Israt and S. Kazi, “Using Qualitative System Dynamics in the Development of an Agile Teamwork Productivity Model,†Int. J. Adv. Softw., vol. 11(1 & 2), 2018.

F. Israt and S. Kazi, “Analyse Agile Software Development Teamwork Productivity using Qualitative System Dynamics Approach,†Twelve Int. Conf. Softw. Eng. Adv., 2017.

J. Iqbal, M. Omar, and A. Yasin, “The impact of agile methodologies and cost management success factors: An empirical study,†Baghdad Sci. J., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 496–504, 2019, doi: 10.21123/bsj.2019.16.2(SI)0496.

S. M. A. Shah, E. Papatheocharous, and J. Nyfjord, “Measuring Productivity in Agile Software Development Process: A scoping Study,†Int. Conf. Softw. Syst. Process, pp. 102–106, 2015.

C. Melo, “Productivity of agile teams: an empirical evaluation of factors and monitoring processes,†Ph.D. Diss. Univ. São Paulo, 2015.

K. Beck, “Extreme programming explained: embrace change,†Addison-Wesley Prof. Boston, MA, 2000.

J. Hair, R. Bush, and D. Ortinau, “Marketing Research Within a Changing Information Environment,†McGraw-Hill Co., vol. 2nd Editi, 2003.

A. R. Gilal, J. Jaafar, L. F. Capretz, M. Omar, S. Basri, and I. A. Aziz, “Finding an effective classification technique to develop a software team composition model,†J. Softw. Evol. Process, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2018, doi: 10.1002/smr.1920.

S. T. Bell, S. G. Brown, and J. A. Weiss, “A conceptual framework for leveraging team composition decisions to build human capital,†Hum. Resour. Manag. Rev., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 450–463, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2017.06.003.

S. T. Bell, S. G. Brown, A. Colaneri, and N. Outland, “Team composition and the ABCs of teamwork,†Am. Psychol., vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 349–362, 2018, doi: 10.1037/amp0000305.

K. Beck et al., “ ‘Manifesto for agile software development,’ http://agilemanifesto.org/,†2001.

S. and S. Q. models, “ISO/IEC Standard 25010 http://www.https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-iec:25010:ed-1:v1:en (accessed 10 April 2020),†2011.

V. Lalsing, S. Kishnah, and S. Pudaruth, “People factors in agile software development and project management,†Int. J. Softw. Eng. Appl., vol. 3(1), pp. 117–137, 2012.

L. Pirzadeh, “Human factors in software development: a systematic literature review,†Master Sci. Thesis Comput. Sci. Eng., vol. 368, 2010.

R. Hoda and L. Murugesan, “Multi-Level Agile Project Management Challenges: A Self-Organizing Team Perspective,†J. Syst. Softw., 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.049.

G. P. Sudhakar, A. Farooq, and S. Patnaik, “Soft factors affecting the performance of software development teams,†Team Perform. Manag. An Int. J., vol. 17(3), pp. 187–205, 2011.

G. P. Sudhakar, “Measuring productivity of software development teams,†Serbian J. Manag., vol. 7(1), pp. 65–75, 2012.

S. Wagner and M. Ruhe, “A Systematic Review of Productivity Factors in Software Development,†CoRR abs/1801.06475, 2018.

C. R. Terán, J. Torres, and P. Flores, “Productivity Model for Software Development Factories under an Agile Methodological Approach,†2017 Int. Conf. Comput. Sci. Comput. Intell., pp. 1039–1042, 2017.

J. Iqbal, O. mazni, and A. Yasin, “An Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Agile Teams on Software Productivity,†IEEE Explor. 2nd Int. Conf. Comput. Math. Eng. Technol. 2019, 2019.

S. Wooda, G. Michaelides, and C. Thomson, “Successful extreme programming: Fidelity to the methodology or good teamworking?,†Inf. Softw. Technol., vol. 55, pp. 660–672, 2013, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2012.10.002.

E. Oliveira, T. Conte, M. Cristo, and N. Valentim, “Influence factors in software productivity - a tertiary literature review,†Proc. 30th Int. Conf. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng., pp. 68–103, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2018-149.

L. Machuca-Villegas and G. P. Gasca-Hurtado, “Towards a Social and Human Factor Classification Related to Productivity in Software Development Teams,†Mejia J., Muñoz M., Rocha Ã., A. Calvo-Manzano J. Trends Appl. Softw. Eng. CIMPS 2019. Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput. Springer, Cham, vol. 1071, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33547-2_4.

VersionOne, “12th annual state of Agile survey [Online]. Available from: http://explore.versionone.come/state-of-agile/versionone-12th-annual-state-of-agile-report. [accessed 20 April 2020],†2017.

T. Dybå and T. Dingsøyr, “Empirical studies of agile software development: A systematic review,†Inf. Softw. Technol., vol. 50(9–10), pp. 833–859, 2008.

C. Melo, D. Cruzes, F. Kon, and R. Conradi, “Interpretative case studies on agile team productivity and management,†Inf. Softw. Technol., vol. 55, pp. 412–427, 2013.

D. A. P. Zainal, R. Razalia, and Z. Mansora, “Team formation for agile software development: A review,†Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 555–561, 2020, doi: 10.18517/ijaseit.10.2.10191.

A. Gomes et al., “Evaluating the relationship of personality and teamwork quality in the context of agile software development,†Proc. Int. Conf. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng. SEKE, vol. PartF16244, pp. 311–316, 2020, doi: 10.18293/SEKE2020-158.

S. Rejab, M; Noble, J; Marshall, “AGILE SELF-SELECTING TEAMS FOSTER EXPERTISE COORDINATION,†Interdiscip. J. Information, Knowledge, Manag., vol. 14, pp. 99–117, 2019.

A. Teh, E. Baniassad, A. V Rooy, and C. Boughton, “Social Psycology and Software Teams: Establising Task-Effective Group Norms,†IEEE Softw., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 53–58, 2012.

B. Tessem and F. Maurer, “Job Satisfaction and Motivation in a Large Agile Team,†Int. Conf. Extrem. Program. Agil. Process. Softw. ngineering Springer Heidelb., vol. 4536, pp. 54–61, 2007.

N. B. Moe, T. Dingsøyr, and T. Dybå, “A teamwork model for understanding an agile team: A case study of a Scrum project,†Inf. Softw. Technol., vol. 52, pp. 480–491, 2010.

T. Dingsøyr and T. Dybå, “Team effectiveness in software development: Human and cooperative aspects in team effectiveness models and priorities for future studies,†Proc. 5th Int. Work. Coop. Hum. Asp. Softw. Eng. IEEE Press, pp. 27–29, 2012.

P. Sakulvirikitkul, K. Sintanakul, and J. Srisomphan, “The design of a learning process for promoting teamwork using project-based learning and the concept of agile software development,†Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 207–222, 2020, doi: 10.3991/ijet.v15i03.10480.

E. Murphy-Hill et al., “What Predicts Software Developers' Productivity?,†IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., pp. 1–13, 2019, doi: 10.1109/TSE.2019.2900308.

M. Yilmaz, “A software process engineering approach to understanding software productivity and team personality characteristics: an empirical investigation murat,†2013.

E. C. Cunha De Oliveira, “Fatores de influência na produtividade dos desenvolvedores de organizaciones de software ,†https//tede.ufam.edu.br/bitstream/tede/6137/5/Tese_Edson C. C. Oliveira.pdf, 2017.

B. Kitchenham, “Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering, Version 2.3,†EBSE Tech. Report. Keele Univ. Univ. Durham, 2007.

B. Kitchenham, O. P. Brereton, D. Budgen, M. Turner, J. Bailey, and S. Linkman, “Systematic literature reviews in software engineering: a systematic literature review,†Inf. Softw. Technol., vol. 51, pp. 7–15, 2009.

C. Wohlin, “Guidelines for snowballing in systematic literature studies and a replication in software engineering,†Proc. 18th Int. Conf. Eval. Assess. Softw. Eng. Berlin, Ger., 2014.

S. V Shrivastava and U. Rathod, “A risk management framework for distributed agile projects,†Inf. Softw. Technol. Elsevier B.V, vol. 85, pp. 1–15, 2017.

S. V Shrivastava and U. Rathod, “Categorization of risk factors for distributed agile projects,†Inf. Softw. Technol. Elsevier B.V, vol. 58, pp. 373–387, 2015.

L. Layman, L. Williams, and L. Cunningham, “Exploring extreme programming in context: an industrial case study,†Agil. Dev. Conf. 2004, pp. 32–41, 2004.

J. M. Norris and L. Ortega, “Effectiveness of L2 instruction: a research synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis ,†Lang. Learn., vol. 50(3), pp. 417–528, 2000.

E. Salas, “Is there a ‘Big Five’ in Teamwork?,†Small Gr. Res., vol. 36(5), pp. 555–599, 2005.

B. N. Srinivasan and D. Mukherjee, “Agile teams as complex adaptive systems (CAS),†Int. J. Inf. Technol., vol. 10, pp. 367–378, 2018.

C. S. D. Alessandra, P. Rafael, and C. Tayana, “Characteristics of High Performance Software Development Teams,†Int. Conf. Enterp. Inf. Syst. Springer Int. Publ. Switz., pp. 345–363, 2015, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-29133-8_17.

F.-S. L. and M. S., “Influence of Human Factors in Software Quality and Productivity,†Murgante B., Gervasi O., Iglesias A., Taniar D., Apduhan B.O. Comput. Sci. Its Appl. - ICCSA 2011. ICCSA 2011. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. vol 6786. Springer, Berlin, Heidelb., 2011.

F. O. Bjørnson, J. Wijnmaalen, C. J. Stettina, and T. Dingsøyr, “Inter-team Coordination in Large-Scale Agile Development: A Case Study of Three Enabling Mechanisms,†Agil. Process. Softw. Eng. Extrem. Program. XP 2018. Lect. Notes Bus. Inf. Process. vol 314. Springer, Cham, 2018.

M.-L. Liu, N. T. Liu, C. G. Ding, and C.-L. Lin, “Exploring team performance in high-tech industries: Future trends of building up teamwork,†Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, vol. 91, pp. 295–310, 2015, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.03.014.

P. Rola, D. Kuchta, and D. Kopczyk, “Conceptual model of working space for Agile (Scrum) project team,†J. Syst. Softw., 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.04.071.

I. Inyat and S. S. Salim, “A framework to study requirements-driven collaboration among agile teams: Findings from two case studies,†Comput. Human Behav., vol. 51, pp. 1367–1379, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.040.

A. B. Soomroa, N. Salleh, E. Mendes, J. Grundy, G. Burche, and A. Nordin, “The effect of software engineers’ personality traits on team climate and performance: A Systematic Literature Review,†InformationandSoftwareTechnology, vol. 73, pp. 52–65, 2016, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2016.01.006.

M. Yilmaz, R. V. OÕConnor, R. Colomo-Palacios, and P. Clarke, “An examination of personality traits and how they impact on software development teams,†Inf. Softw. Technol., 2017, doi: http://10.1016/j.infsof.2017.01.005.

D. Stankovica, V. Nikolicb, M. Djordjevicc, and D. B. Caod, “A survey study of critical success factors in agile software projects in former Yugoslavia IT companies,†J. Syst. Softw., vol. 86, pp. 1663-1678 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.02.02, 2013.

K. W. Al-Sabbagh and L. Gren, “The connections between group maturity, software development velocity, and planning effectiveness,†J. Softw. Evol. Process, 2017, doi: http://10.1002/smr.1896.

Y. Lindsjørn, D. I. Sjøberg, T. Dingsøyr, G. R. Bergersen, and T. Dybå, “Teamwork quality and project success in software development: A survey of agile development teams,†J. Syst. Softw., vol. 122, pp. 274–286, 2016.

L. Gren, A. Goldman, and C. Jacobsson, “Agile Ways of Working: A Team Maturity Perspective.,†J. Softw. Evol. Process, 2019, doi: http://10.1002/smr.2244.

S. Ramírezâ€Mora, H. Oktaba, and J. P. Pérez, “Group maturity, team efficiency, and team effectiveness in software development: A case study in a CMMIâ€DEV Level 5 organization,†J. Softw. Evol. Process, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/smr.2232.

A. K. Kakar, “Assessing Self-Organization in Agile Software Development Teams,†J. Comput. Inf. Syst., 2016, doi: http://10.1080/07362994.2016.1184002.

M. Kropp, A. Meier, C. Anslow, and R. Biddle, “Satisfaction, Practices, and Influences in Agile Software Development,†EASE Int. Conf. Eval. Assess. Softw. Eng., 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3210459.3210470.

C. H. Duarte, “The Quest for Productivity in Software Engineering: A Practitioners Systematic Literature Review,†IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. Softw. Syst. Process., pp. 145–154, 2019, doi: http://10.1109/ICSSP.2019.00027.

L. Kompella, “Agile methods, organizational culture and agility: some insights,†CHASE 2014 Proc. 7th Int. Work. Coop. Hum. Asp. Softw. Eng., 2014, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2593702.2593708.

S. D. Vishnubhotla, E. Mendes, and L. Lundberg, “An Insight into the Capabilities of Professionals and Teams in Agile Software Development: A Systematic Literature Review,†ICSCA 2018 Proc. 2018 7th Int. Conf. Softw. Comput. Appl., 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/3185089.3185096.

F. Fagerholm, M. Ikonen, P. Kettunen, J. Münch, V. Roto, and P. Abrahamsson, “How do software developers experience team performance in lean and agile environments?,†EASE ’14 Proc. 18th Int. Conf. Eval. Assess. Softw. Eng., 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/2601248.2601285.

E. Oliveira, T. Conte, M. Ctisto, and E. Mendes, “Software Project Managers’ Perceptions of Productivity Factors: Findings from a Qualitative Study ,†10th ACM/IEEE Int. Symp. Empir. Softw. Eng. Meas., 2018.

F. Israt and S. Kazi, “Factors Influencing Productivity of Agile Software Development Teamwork: A Qualitative System Dynamics Approach,†24th Asia-Pacific Softw. Eng. Conf., 2017.

G. Gutierrez, J. Garzas, M. T. Gonzalez de Lena, and J. M. Moguerza, “Self-Managing: An Empirical Study of the Practice in Agile Teams,†IEEE Softw., vol. 36(1), pp. 23–27, 2019.

J. R. Neve, K. Godbole, and R. Neve, “Productivity and process improvement using ‘Scaled Agile’ approaches: An emphasized analysis,†2017 Int. Conf. Inven. Comput. Informatics (ICICI), Coimbatore, pp. 793–798, 2017.

C. William Chaves de Souza, F. R. Pedro, S. Michel dos Santos, C. Marco Antonio Teixeira, and C. B. Luiz, “A comparative Analysis of the Agile and Traditional Software Development Processes Productivity,†30th Int. Conf. Chil. Comput. Sci. Soc., pp. 1522–4902, 2012, doi: DOI 10.1109/SCCC.2011.11.

A. S. Freire, R. M. d. Silva, M. Perkusich, H. Almeida, and A. Perkusich, “A Bayesian Network Model to Assess Agile Teams’ Teamwork Quality,†29th Brazilian Symp. Softw. Eng. Belo Horiz., pp. 191–196, 2015.

E. Weimar, A. Nugroho, J. Visser, A. Plaat, M. Goudbeek, and A. Schouten, “The Influence of Teamwork Quality on Software Team Performance,†Comput. Sci. Eng. Publ. ArXiv 2017, 2017.

O. MaHugh, K. Conboy, and M. Lang, “Using agile practices to influence motivation withing it project teams,†Scand. J. Inf. Syst. (Specail Issue IT Proj. Manag., vol. 23(2), pp. 85–110, 2011.

M. Korner, M. A. Wirtz, J. Bengel, and A. S. Gortiz, “Relationship of organizational culture, teamwork, and job satisfaction in interprofessional teams,†BMC Health Serv. Res., vol. 15:243, 2015, doi: DOI 10.1186/s12913-015-0888-y.

Y. Lindsjørn, G. R. Bergersen, T. Dingsøyr, and D. I. K. Sjøberg, “Teamwork Quality and Team Performance: Exploring Differences Between Small and Large Agile Projects,†Garbajosa J., Wang X., Aguiar A. Agil. Process. Softw. Eng. Extrem. Program. XP 2018. Lect. Notes Bus. Inf. Process. vol 314. Springer, Cham, 2018.

B. Johnson, T. Zimmermann, and C. Bird, “The Effects of Work Environments on Productivity and Satisfaction of Software Engineers,†IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., 2019, doi: DOI:10.1109/TSE.2019.2903053.

K. Werder and A. Maedche, “Explaining the emergence of team agility: a complex adaptive systems perspective,†IT People, vol. 31, pp. 819–844, 2018.

D. Strode, “Applying Adapted Big Five Teamwork Theory to Agile Software Development,†Australas. Conf. Inf. Syst. Adelaide, 2015.

L. Lavazza, S. Morasca, and D. Tosi, “An Empirical Study on the Factors Affecting Software Development Productivity,†e-Informatica Softw. Eng. J., vol. 12(1), pp. 27–49, 2018, doi: DOI 10.5277/e-Inf180102.

A. C. S. Dutra, R. Prikladnicki, and C. França, “What do we know about high performance teams in software engineering? Results from a systematic literature review,†41st Euromicro Conf. Softw. Eng. Adv. Appl., 2015.

A. Trendowicz and J. Münch, “Factors Influencing Software Development Productivity—Stateâ€ofâ€theâ€Art and Industrial Experiences,†Adv. Comput., vol. 77, pp. 185–241, 2009.

E. Paiva, D. Barbosa, R. Lima, and A. Albuquerque, “Factors that Influence the Productivity of Software Developers in a Developer View,†n Innov. Comput. Sci. Softw. Eng. T. Sobh K. Elleithy, eds. Springer Netherlands, pp. 99–104, 2010, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9112-3_17.

L. Gren, R. Torkar, and R. Feldt, “Group development and group maturity when building agile teams: A qualitative and quantitative investigation at eight large companies,†J. Syst. Softw., vol. 124, pp. 104–119, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.11.024.

K. Oslon, “An examination of questionnaire evaluation by expert reviewers,†Field methods, vol. 22(4), pp. 295–318, 2010.

A. L. Holbrook, J. A. Krosnick, D. Moore, and R. Tourangeau, “Response order effects in dichotomous categorical questions presented orally: The impact of question and respondents attributes,†Public Opin. Q., vol. 71(3), pp. 325–348, 2007.

H. Jansen and T. Hak, “The productivity of three-step test-interview (TSTI) compared to an expert review of a self-admisnistered questionnaire on alcohol consumption,†J. Off. Stat., vol. 21 (1), p. 103, 2005.

J. C. Anderson and D. W. Gerbing, “Structural equation modelling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach,†Psychol. Bull., vol. 103 (3), pp. 411–423, 1988.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.12.3.13648

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development