Quantitative Study of Articular Cartilage Based on Greyscale Assessment Using Low-Field MRI

Rizwana Seeni Ibramsa, Mohd Juzaila Abd Latif, Mohamad Shukri Zakaria, Muhamad Noor Harun, Jamaluddin Mahmud

Abstract


Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disorder that changes the biomechanical properties of articular cartilage in its development phase. MRI has become the diagnosing tool used widely to examine the articular cartilage in the synovial joint since it can provide excellent soft-tissue contrast. However, most diagnoses were conducted using clinical high-field MRI, while the low-field MRI was only used to obtain the geometrical data. This study aims to quantitatively assess the biomechanical properties of cartilage tissue using a low-field MRI system based on the image greyscale assessment. The articular cartilage image of intact bovine hip joints was obtained using 0.18 T MRI. The MRI images were characterized based on the intensity of the greyscale. The biomechanical properties of elastic modulus and permeability of cartilage were subsequently characterized by incorporating the creep indentation test data with the computational finite element model. Further correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between the greyscale of MRI images and biomechanical properties of elastic modulus and permeability of the cartilage. The cartilage greyscale was found to be strongly associated with the cartilage biphasic elastic modulus (r = 0.85), while the permeability (r = -0.51) was observed to have a moderate correlation with the greyscale. These findings show the capability of low-field MRI to produce an image that correlates with the articular cartilage's biomechanical properties, which could be adapted as a biomarker to detect osteoarthritis earlier than usual.

Keywords


Articular cartilage; low-field MRI; elastic modulus; greyscale; permeability.

Full Text:

PDF

References


T. W. O’Neill, P. S. McCabe, and J. McBeth, “Update on the Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Disease Outcomes of Osteoarthritis,†Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 312–326, 2018.

N. Walsh, L. Jones, S. Phillips, R. Thomas, L. Odondi, S. Palmer, F. Cramp, J. Pollock and M. Hurley, “Facilitating Activity and Self-Management for People with Arthritic Knee, Hip or Lower Back Pain (FASA): A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial,†Musculoskelet. Sci. Pract., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 102271(1)-102271(7), 2020.

A. Postler, A. L. Ramos, J. Goronzy, K.-P. Gunther, T. Lange, J. Schmitt, A. Zink and F. Hoffmann, “Prevalence and Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis in People Aged 60 Years or Older in Germany: An Analysis Based on Health Insurance Claims Data,†Clin. Interv. Aging, vol. 13, pp. 2339–2349, 2018.

D. J. Hunter and S. Bierma-Zeinstra, “Osteoarthritis,†Lancet, vol. 393, no. 10182, pp. 1745–1759, 2019.

H. C. Cutcliffe and L. E. DeFrate, “Comparison of Cartilage Mechanical Properties Measured During Creep and Recovery,†Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1547, pp. 1–8, 2020.

A. T. Collins, C. C. Hatcher, S. Y. Kim, S. N. Ziemian, C. E. Spritzer, F. Guilak, L. E. DeFrate and A. L. McNulty, “Selective Enzymatic Digestion of Proteoglycans and Collagens Alters Cartilage T1rho and T2 Relaxation Times,†Ann. Biomed. Eng., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 190–201, 2019.

M. E. Mononen, P. Tanska, H. Isaksson, and R. K. Korhonen, “New Algorithm for Simulation of Proteoglycan Loss and Collagen Degeneration in the Knee Joint: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative,†J. Orthop. Res., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1673–1683, 2018.

D. Warnecke, J. Balko, J. Haas, R. Bieger, F. Leucht, N. Wolf, N. Schild, S. Stein, A. Seitz, A. Ignatius, H. Reichel, B. Mizaikoff and L. Dürselen, “Degeneration Alters the Biomechanical Properties and Structural Composition of Lateral Human Menisci,†Osteoarthr. Cartil., vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 1482–1491, 2020.

T. Hafner, J. Schock, M. Post, D. Abrar, P. Sewerin, K. Linka, M. Knobe, C. Kuhl, D. Truhn and S. Nebelung, 2020., “A Serial Multiparametric Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study to Assess Proteoglycan Depletion of Human Articular Cartilage and its Effects on Functionality,†Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–18, 2020.

C. S. Thudium, A. Engstrom, S. S. Groen, M. A. Karsdal, A. C. Bay-Jensen, and N. Bioscience, “An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model of Cartilage Remodeling in Bovine Knee Explants,†J. Vis. Exp., vol. 2019, no. 153, p. e59467, 2019.

D. Abrar, C. Schleich, S. Nebelung, M. Frenken, T. Ullrich, K. Radke, G. Antoch, S. Vordenbäumen, R. Brinks, M. Schneider, B. Ostendorf and P. Sewerin, “Proteoglycan Loss in the Articular Cartilage is Associated with Severity of Joint Inflammation in Psoriatic Arthritis - A Compositional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study,†Arthritis Res. Ther., vol. 22, no. 124, pp. 1–10, 2020.

Q. Cheng and F.-C. Zhao, “Comparison of 1.5- and 3.0-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluating Lesions of the Knee,†Medicine (Baltimore)., vol. 97, no. 38, p. e12401, 2018.

J. Daglish, D. D. Frisbie, K. T. Selberg, and M. F. Barrett, “High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging is Comparable with Gross Anatomy for Description of the Normal Appearance of Soft Tissues in the Equine Stifle,†Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 721–736, 2018.

H.-M. Klein, “Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging,†RoFo Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Rontgenstrahlen und der Bildgeb. Verfahren, vol. 192, no. 6, pp. 537–548, 2020.

M. Biggi and S. J. Dyson, “Use of High-Field and Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Describe the Anatomy of the Proximal Portion of the Tarsal Region of Nonlame Horses,†Am. J. Vet. Res., vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 299–310, 2018.

C. van Zadelhoff, T. Schwarz, S. Smith, A. Engerand, and S. Taylor, “Identification of Naturally Occurring Cartilage Damage in the Equine Distal Interphalangeal Joint Using Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Arthrography,†Front. Vet. Sci., vol. 6, pp. 508(1)-508(10), 2020.

J. GÅ‚odek, K. Milewska, A. Tobolska, Å. Grabarczyk, W. Maksymowicz, I. Bada, I. and Z. Adamiak, “Feline Hip Joint Anatomy in Magnetic Resonance Images,†J. Vet. Med. Ser. C Anat. Histol. Embryol., vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 449–454, 2019.

J. Olive, “Distal Interphalangeal Articular Cartilage Assessment using Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging,†Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 259–266, 2010.

S. Hangaard, H. Gudbergsen, C. L. Daugaard, H. Bliddal, J. D. Nybing, M. T. Nieminen, V. Casula, C.-J, Tiderius and M. Boesen, “Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI of Menisci and Cartilage (dGEMRIM/dGEMRIC) in Obese Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Cross-Sectional Study of 85 Obese Patients with Intra-Articular Administered Gadolinium Contrast,†J. Magn. Reson. Imaging, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1700–1706, 2018.

N. H. Hashim, M. J. Abd Latif, Y. L. Jaafar, R. Ramlan, and J. Mahmud, “Computational and Experimental Study of Articular Cartilage Thickness on Biomechanical Behavior,†Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., vol. 12, no. 16, pp. 5849–5856, 2017.

M. Encinoso, J. Orós, G. Ramírez, J. R. Jaber, A. Artiles, and A. Arencibia, “Anatomic Study of the Elbow Joint in a Bengal Tiger (Panthera Tigris Tigris) using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Gross Dissections,†Animals, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 1–13, 2019.

Y. Xia, J. B. Moody, N. Burton-Wurster, and G. Lust, “Quantitative in situ Correlation between Microscopic MRI and Polarized Light Microscopy Studies of Articular Cartilage,†Osteoarthr. Cartil., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 393–406, 2001.

T. Nozaki, Y. Kaneko, H. Yu, K. Kaneshiro, R. Schwarzkopf, T. Hara and H. Yoshioka, “T1rho mapping of entire femoral cartilage using depth- and angle-dependent analysis,†Eur. Radiol., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1952–1962, 2016.

L. Cai, E. A. Nauman, C. B. W. Pedersen, and C. P. Neu, “Finite Deformation Elastography of Articular Cartilage and Biomaterials Based on Imaging and Topology Optimization,†Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2020.

P. A. Torzilli and A. Azimulla, “Ultraviolet Light (365 nm) Transmission Properties of Articular Cartilage as a Function of Depth, Extracellular matrix, and Swelling,†J. Biomed. Mater. Res. - Part A, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 327–339, 2020.

A. Watrin, J. Ruaud, P. Olivier, N. Guingamp, P. Gonord, P. Netter, A. Blum, G. Guillot, P. Gillet and D. Loeuille, “T2 Mapping of Rat Patellar Cartilage,†Radiology, vol. 219, no. 2, pp. 395–402, 2001.

K. A. Athanasiou, A. Agarwal, A. Muffoletto, F. J. Dzida, G. Constantinides, and M. Glem, “Biomechanical Properties of Hip Cartilage in Experimental Animal Models,†Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., vol. 316, pp. 254–266, 1995.

D. K. Temple, A. A. Cederlund, B. M. Lawless, R. M. Aspden, and D. M. Espino, “Viscoelastic Properties of Human and Bovine Articular Cartilage: A Comparison of Frequency-Dependent Trends,†BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2016.

M. T. Nieminen, J. Toyras, M. S. Laasanen, J. Silvennoinen, H. J. Helminen, and J. S. Jurvelin, “Prediction of Biomechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage with Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging,†J. Biomech., vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 321–328, 2004.

O. Nykänen, J. Sarin, J. Ketola, H. Leskinen, N. te Moller, V. Tiitu, I. Mancini, J. Visser, H. Brommer, P. van Weeren, J. Malda, J. Töyräs and M. Nissi, “T2* and Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in an Equine Model of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis: Assessment of Mechanical and Structural Properties of Articular Cartilage,†Osteoarthr. Cartil., vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 1481–1490, 2019.

M. Danalache, R. Kleinert, J. Schneider, A. Erler, M. Schwitalle, R. Riester, F. Traub and U. Hofmann, “Changes in Stiffness and Biochemical Composition of the Pericellular Matrix as a Function of Spatial Chondrocyte Organisation in Osteoarthritic Cartilage,†Osteoarthr. Cartil., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 823–832, 2019.

E. Lammentausta, P. Kiviranta, M. Nissi, M. Laasanen, I. Kiviranta, M. Nieminen and J. Jurvelin, “T2 Relaxation Time and Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI of Cartilage (dGEMRIC) of Human Patellar Cartilage at 1.5 T and 9.4 T: Relationships with Tissue Mechanical Properties,†J. Orthop. Res., vol. 61, no. February, pp. 254–262, 2006.

M. L. Richardson, B. Amini, and T. L. Richards, “Some New Angles on the Magic Angle: What MSK Radiologists Know and Don’t Know about this Phenomenon,†Skeletal Radiol., vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 1673–1681, 2018.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.12.1.13107

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Published by INSIGHT - Indonesian Society for Knowledge and Human Development